CH 8 - DRILL AND MARCHING

CHAPTER 8: DRILL AND MARCHING

Note for the Student-Teacher:
As primary school teachers, you are not just educators but builders of discipline, coordination, and national spirit. Drill and marching activities develop physical coordination, mental alertness, and teamwork while instilling a sense of discipline and pride. This chapter will equip you with practical knowledge to conduct engaging drill and marching sessions safely and effectively.

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8.1 MEANING OF DRILL

8.1.1 Definition and Importance

Drill refers to organized group exercises where students perform synchronized physical movements in formations (rows, circles, etc.) following rhythmic commands.

In Simple Terms:
Think of drill as "group exercise with rhythm" where everyone moves together like parts of one machine.

Why Drills Matter in Primary Education:

1. Discipline Development: Following commands builds self-control
2. Physical Coordination: Improves timing, balance, and rhythm
3. Teamwork Skills: Teaches synchronization and cooperation
4. Concentration Enhancement: Requires attention to commands
5. Posture Improvement: Correct standing and moving positions
6. Fun Learning: Makes exercise enjoyable through rhythm

Daily Life Example:
Just as a flock of birds flies in formation or soldiers march together, students learn to move as one team during drills.

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8.2 STAGES/PARTS OF DRILL PROCESS

Conducting a successful drill involves systematic steps:

Stage 1: Preparation (Teacher's Work)

• Plan the drill sequence in advance
• Prepare equipment (flags, ribbons, sticks if needed)
• Mark the practice area clearly
• Demonstrate each movement before practice

Stage 2: Formation

• Arrange students in appropriate formation (lines, circles, etc.)
• Ensure proper spacing for safety (arm's distance)
• Check alignment and posture

Stage 3: Command Delivery

• Use clear verbal commands (One! Two! Three!)
• Use whistle/drum beats for rhythm
• Maintain consistent tempo

Stage 4: Movement Execution

• Students perform synchronized movements
• Focus on specific body parts (arms, legs, etc.)
• Incorporate equipment handling if used

Stage 5: Progression

• Start with simple movements
• Gradually increase complexity
• Add formations changes
• Incorporate music/rhythm instruments

Stage 6: Performance

• Combine all elements smoothly
• Maintain uniform timing
• Display energy and enthusiasm

Stage 7: Conclusion

• Return to starting position
• Stand at attention
• Teacher gives feedback

Practical Classroom Example:

1. Teacher: "Stand in three lines!" (Stage 1-2)
2. Teacher: "Attention! Hands on hips!" (Stage 3)
3. Teacher counts "1-2-3-4" while students bend knees (Stage 4)
4. Teacher adds arm movements (Stage 5)
5. Students perform complete sequence (Stage 6)
6. "Stand straight! Well done!" (Stage 7)

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8.3 MAKING DRILLS IMPRESSIVE AND EFFECTIVE

8.3.1 Key Principles for Successful Drills

Principle	Implementation	Why It Works
1. Clear Purpose	Explain "why" before "how"	Students understand importance
2. Proper Instructions	Simple, direct commands	Reduces confusion
3. Uniform Performance	Correct individual mistakes	Creates visual appeal
4. Music Coordination	Match movements to rhythm	Enhances timing and enjoyment
5. Progressive Training	Start simple, build complexity	Builds confidence
6. Regular Practice	Daily 5-minute drills	Develops muscle memory
7. Positive Reinforcement	Praise effort and improvement	Motivates continued effort

8.3.2 Teacher's Checklist for Impressive Drills

Before the Drill:

• Plan 5-8 minute drill session
• Prepare whistle/drum for rhythm
• Ensure safe, clear practice area
• Wear appropriate clothing yourself

During the Drill:

• Stand where all can see you
• Use loud, clear voice
• Maintain eye contact with students
• Demonstrate each movement
• Correct errors gently but promptly

After the Drill:

• Give specific praise ("Good timing!")
• Mention one area for improvement
• Ask students what they enjoyed
• Plan next session's focus

8.3.3 Common Drills for Primary Classes

Basic Arm Drills:

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Count 1: Arms forward

Count 2: Arms upward

Count 3: Arms sideways

Count 4: Return to sides

Leg Coordination Drills:

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Count 1: Step left foot sideways

Count 2: Bring right foot to join

Count 3: Step right foot sideways

Count 4: Return to attention

Combination Drills (Grade 4-5):

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Count 1: Step forward, arms forward

Count 2: Clap overhead

Count 3: Step back, arms forward

Count 4: Return to attention

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8.4 LEZIM: RHYTHMIC EXERCISE WITH TRADITIONAL EQUIPMENT

8.4.1 Introduction to Lezim

What is Lezim?
Lezim is a traditional Indian rhythmic exercise from Maharashtra, performed with wooden sticks connected by chains. It combines physical exercise with musical rhythm.

Why Teach Lezim in Punjab Schools?

1. Cultural Exchange: Exposes children to India's diverse traditions
2. Coordination Development: Excellent for hand-eye coordination
3. Rhythm Sense: Develops musical timing
4. Strength Building: Strengthens arms and shoulders
5. Group Synchronization: Perfect for mass displays

Equipment:

• Two wooden sticks (25-30 cm long)
• Chain connecting sticks (15-20 cm chain)
• Alternative for schools without Lezim: Use rhythm sticks or even rolled newspapers

8.4.2 Basic Lezim Techniques

Starting Position:

• Stand with feet shoulder-width apart
• Hold Lezim in dominant hand (right hand for most)
• Other hand on hip or free

Five Fundamental Lezim Steps:

1. Char Thoke (4 Beats)

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Count 1: Swing Lezim clockwise, open in front of right thigh

Count 2: Continue swing, click near left waist

Count 3: Reverse swing (anti-clockwise), open in front of thigh

Count 4: Continue swing, click near right waist

2. Aath Thoke (8 Beats)

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Count 1-4: Same as Char Thoke

Count 5: Bring Lezim to forehead level, open sticks

Count 6: Click near left ear

Count 7: Downward swing, open in front of body

Count 8: Click at starting position

3. Aaghe Pave (Forward Step)

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Count 1-4: Char Thoke

Count 5: Lezim to forehead, step right foot forward

Count 6: Click near left ear

Count 7: Downward swing, step back

Count 8: Return to start

4. Picche Pave (Backward Step)

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Count 1: Open Lezim, step right foot back

Count 2: Click near left waist

Count 3: Open again, bring foot forward

Count 4: Click near right waist

Count 5-8: Aath Thoke movements

5. Baithak (Squat Position)

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Count 1-4: Char Thoke

Count 5: Lezim to forehead, full squat

Count 6: Click near ear, stand up

Count 7: Downward swing

Count 8: Return to start

8.4.3 Teaching Lezim in Primary School

Adaptations for Different Grades:

• Grades 1-2: Simple shaking to rhythm, no complex steps
• Grade 3: Basic Char Thoke without foot movements
• Grade 4: Aath Thoke with stationary feet
• Grade 5: Complete sequences with footwork

Safety First:

1. Ensure adequate spacing (arm's length plus Lezim length)
2. Practice without equipment first
3. Start with slow tempo
4. Use soft materials for initial practice

Progression Plan (8 Weeks):

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Week 1-2: Basic grip and simple swings

Week 3-4: Char Thoke without footwork

Week 5-6: Aath Thoke stationary

Week 7-8: Add basic footwork

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8.5 MARCHING: DISCIPLINE IN MOTION

8.5.1 Meaning and Importance of Marching

Marching is coordinated group movement with regular, measured steps, usually following specific commands.

Educational Value:

• Develops left-right coordination
• Builds group synchronization
• Teaches following commands
• Improves posture and bearing
• Prepares for ceremonial occasions

8.5.2 Essential Marching Commands and Techniques

1. Attention (Sawdhan)

Position:

- Heels together, toes apart (30° angle)

- Weight evenly distributed

- Chest out, shoulders back

- Arms straight, fingers curled

- Eyes forward

Teacher Command: "Sawdhan!" or "Attention!"

2. Stand-at-Ease (Vishram)

Position:

- Feet shoulder-width apart

- Hands clasped behind back

- Upper body remains erect

- Relaxed but alert stance

Teacher Command: "Vishram!"

3. Right Turn (Dahine Mur)

Execution:

- Pivot on right heel, left toe

- Turn 90° to right

- Bring left foot to join right

- Stamp to attention position

Teacher Command: "Dahine... Mur!"

4. Left Turn (Bayen Mur)

Execution:

- Pivot on left heel, right toe

- Turn 90° to left

- Bring right foot to join left

- Stamp to attention

Teacher Command: "Bayen... Mur!"

5. About Turn (Piche Mur)

Execution:

- Turn 180° to face opposite direction

- Use ball of right foot, left heel

- Complete turn in two counts

- Return to attention

Teacher Command: "Piche... Mur!"

6. Mark Time (Thaharav)

Execution:

- Lift left knee (thigh parallel to ground)

- Stamp left foot

- Lift right knee

- Stamp right foot

- Continue alternating

Teacher Command: "Thaharav... Shuru!"

7. Quick March (Tez Chal)

Execution:

- Step forward with left foot

- Right arm forward, left arm back

- Alternate arms with each step

- Maintain rhythm (120 steps/minute)

Teacher Command: "Tez Chal... Shuru!"

8. Halt (Ruk)

Execution:

- On "Ruk": Next step with left foot

- On "Check": Step with right foot

- On "One": Small step with left

- On "Two": Stamp right foot to attention

Teacher Command: "Ruk... Check... One... Two!"

8.5.3 Teaching Marching to Primary Students

Age-Appropriate Progression:

Grades 1-2:

• Basic standing in line
• Simple "follow the leader" walking
• Stopping on whistle command

Grade 3:

• Attention and stand-at-ease
• Turning in place
• Marching in straight line

Grade 4:

• All basic commands
• Group synchronization
• Simple formation changes

Grade 5:

• Complete command repertoire
• Marching with turns
• Preparation for school parade

Common Challenges and Solutions:

• Left-right confusion: Mark left hand with ribbon
• Poor synchronization: Use drum beats or counting
• Space management: Use ground markings
• Attention wandering: Keep sessions short (10-15 minutes)

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8.6 GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS

8.6.1 Practical Implementation Strategies

1. Group Formation:

• Divide large classes into groups of 10-15
• Appoint group leaders from quick learners
• Rotate leadership opportunities

2. Demonstration Technique:

• Show complete movement first
• Break down into parts
• Demonstrate common mistakes
• Show correct form again

3. Practice Methodology:

• Practice by counts initially
• Gradually increase speed
• Add rhythm/music later
• Combine groups for mass display

4. Correction Approach:

• Correct major errors immediately
• Minor corrections after practice
• Use positive language ("Try this way...")
• Demonstrate correct form again

5. Motivation Techniques:

• Praise effort, not just perfection
• Use group applause
• Display best groups to others
• Connect to real-life (sports day, parade)

8.6.2 Safety Considerations

Space Requirements:

• Minimum 2m × 2m per student for drills
• Clear area of obstacles
• Non-slip surface preferred
• Adequate lighting

Equipment Safety:

• Check Lezim for loose chains
• Ensure sticks are smooth (no splinters)
• Use age-appropriate size equipment
• Supervise equipment handling closely

Physical Safety:

• Warm-up before intensive drills
• Ensure proper hydration
• Watch for signs of fatigue
• Adapt for differently-abled students

8.6.3 Assessment and Evaluation

What to Observe:

• Ability to follow commands
• Synchronization with group
• Posture and form
• Rhythm and timing
• Enthusiasm and participation

Assessment Methods:

• Observation during practice
• Simple group performances
• Self-assessment with smiley faces
• Peer feedback in supportive manner

Recording Progress:

• Note improvements over time
• Identify students needing extra help
• Document successful activities
• Plan next steps based on observations

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8.7 INTEGRATION WITH SCHOOL EVENTS

8.7.1 School Parade Preparation

• Start training 4-6 weeks before event
• Practice 10 minutes daily
• Include flag-bearing drills
• Prepare simple formations

8.7.2 Sports Day Drills

• Opening ceremony march past
• Display drills between events
• Award ceremony marching
• Closing ceremony formations

8.7.3 Cultural Events

• Lezim performances during festivals
• Traditional dance with drill elements
• Patriotic song with marching
• Annual day mass drill displays

8.7.4 Daily School Routine

• Morning assembly formations
• Classroom transition drills
• Lunch line discipline practice
• Dismissal procedures

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EXERCISE – Suggested Answers

1. What is meaning of drill? Explain the stages of drill.

Introduction:
Drill refers to organized, synchronized group exercises performed following specific commands or rhythmic patterns. It is a fundamental component of physical education that develops discipline, coordination, and teamwork.

Meaning and Definition:
Drill is a structured group activity where students perform uniform physical movements in formations (lines, circles, etc.) in response to verbal commands, whistle signals, or drum beats. It transforms individual exercises into coordinated group performances that emphasize precision, timing, and uniformity.

Stages of Drill Process:

Stage 1: Planning and Preparation

• Teacher designs drill sequence appropriate for age and ability
• Prepares equipment and practice area
• Plans command sequence and timing

Stage 2: Formation and Positioning

• Students arranged in appropriate formation
• Proper spacing ensured for safety
• Alignment and posture checked

Stage 3: Command Delivery

• Clear, loud commands given
• Consistent rhythm maintained
• Visual and verbal cues combined

Stage 4: Movement Execution

• Students perform synchronized movements
• Specific body parts targeted (arms, legs, etc.)
• Equipment handling incorporated if applicable

Stage 5: Progressive Development

• Simple movements taught first
• Complexity gradually increased
• Formations changed and combined
• Music/rhythm instruments added

Stage 6: Integrated Performance

• All elements combined smoothly
• Uniform timing maintained
• Energy and precision displayed

Stage 7: Conclusion and Feedback

• Return to starting positions
• Teacher provides constructive feedback
• Areas for improvement identified

Conclusion:
The drill process transforms individual movements into harmonious group performances through systematic progression. Each stage builds upon the previous, developing not just physical skills but also discipline, attention, and teamwork essential for holistic child development.

2. What do you mean by drill? How can drill be made impressive?

Introduction:
Drill represents the intersection of physical education, musical rhythm, and disciplined group coordination. Making drills impressive requires attention to both technical precision and aesthetic presentation.

Meaning of Drill:
Drill is the systematic performance of synchronized physical exercises by a group following rhythmic commands. It combines elements of calisthenics, rhythmic movement, and formation changes to create visually appealing and physically beneficial group activities.

Making Drills Impressive:

A. Technical Excellence:

1. Precision and Uniformity: Every student performing movements identically
2. Perfect Synchronization: All movements occurring simultaneously
3. Clean Formations: Sharp lines, exact spacing, geometric precision
4. Crisp Transitions: Smooth changes between movements and formations

B. Aesthetic Elements:
5. Rhythmic Accuracy: Movements perfectly timed to music/beat
6. Graceful Execution: Fluid, controlled movements rather than mechanical
7. Visual Variety: Changing patterns, formations, and directions
8. Color and Costume: Coordinated uniforms or colorful accessories

C. Performance Factors:
9. Energy and Enthusiasm: Visible enjoyment and full participation
10. Confidence Display: Bold, assured movements
11. Facial Expressions: Alert, engaged expressions rather than blank stares
12. Group Cohesion: Sense of unity and teamwork

D. Practical Implementation Strategies:

1. Progressive Training: Start simple, build complexity gradually
2. Regular Practice: Short, frequent sessions rather than long, infrequent ones
3. Clear Demonstration: Teacher shows exact expectations
4. Positive Reinforcement: Praise improvements and effort
5. Peer Modeling: Use skilled students to demonstrate
6. Goal Setting: Work toward specific performance targets
7. Performance Opportunities: Regular chances to demonstrate skills

E. Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Overly complex drills for age group
• Inconsistent tempo or commands
• Poor spacing causing collisions
• Neglecting to correct individual errors
• Focusing only on skilled students

Conclusion:
An impressive drill combines technical precision with artistic presentation. Through careful planning, progressive training, and attention to both individual performance and group coordination, teachers can transform basic exercises into captivating displays that build students' physical abilities, confidence, and team spirit.

3. What is meant by marching? Write down the process of marching.

Introduction:
Marching is the coordinated, rhythmic movement of a group following specific commands, characterized by uniformity, discipline, and measured steps.

Meaning of Marching:
Marching refers to the synchronized walking of a group in formation, maintaining consistent step length, pace, and arm swing. It is a disciplined activity that develops physical coordination, mental alertness, and group cohesion.

Process of Marching:

A. Pre-Marching Preparations:

1. Formation: Students arranged in straight rows and columns
2. Spacing: Arm's length distance between students
3. Alignment: Perfect straight lines checked
4. Attention Position: Heels together, toes apart, body erect

B. Basic Commands and Execution:

1. Attention (Sawdhan)

• Command: "Sawdhan!"
• Action: Stand erect, heels together, toes apart (30°), arms straight, eyes forward

2. Stand-at-Ease (Vishram)

• Command: "Vishram!"
• Action: Move left foot sideways, clasp hands behind back, maintain upper body posture

3. Turning Commands

• Right Turn: "Dahine... Mur!" - Pivot right 90°, stamp to attention
• Left Turn: "Bayen... Mur!" - Pivot left 90°, stamp to attention
• About Turn: "Piche... Mur!" - Turn 180° to face opposite direction

4. Marking Time (Thaharav)

• Command: "Thaharav... Shuru!"
• Action: Lift knees alternately (thigh parallel), stamp feet in place
• Rhythm: Consistent 1-2 count at 120 beats per minute

5. Quick March (Tez Chal)

• Command: "Tez Chal... Shuru!"
• Action: Step forward with left foot, right arm swings forward
• Alternate: Right foot steps, left arm swings forward
• Pace: 120 steps per minute standard pace

6. Halting (Ruk)

• Command Sequence: "Ruk... Check... One... Two!"
• Action Sequence:
• "Ruk": Called as left foot touches ground
• "Check": Next step with right foot
• "One": Small step with left foot
• "Two": Stamp right foot to attention position

C. Advanced Marching Elements:

1. Changing Direction While Marching

• Wheel turns for changing direction as a group
• Column movements for formation changes
• Flanking movements for quick direction changes

2. Marching Formations

• Single file for narrow spaces
• Double file for standard marching
• Box formation for stationary displays
• Diagonal formations for visual appeal

3. Marching with Equipment

• Flag bearing techniques
• Banner carrying procedures
• Instrument carrying for bands

D. Teaching Progression for Primary Students:

Week 1-2: Foundation

• Standing in straight lines
• Walking in unison without formal commands
• Stopping together on signal

Week 3-4: Basic Commands

• Attention and stand-at-ease
• Simple turns in place
• Marking time stationary

Week 5-6: Movement

• Marching forward short distances
• Halting from march
• Turning while stationary

Week 7-8: Coordination

• Marching with arm swing
• Changing direction as group
• Simple formation changes

Conclusion:
The marching process transforms individual walking into disciplined group movement through systematic command response. When taught progressively with patience and positive reinforcement, marching develops not just physical coordination but also valuable life skills including discipline, attention to detail, and teamwork.

4. What do you mean by Lezim? Explain this technique in detail.

Introduction:
Lezim is a traditional Indian rhythmic exercise form originating from Maharashtra, combining physical movement with musical rhythm using special equipment consisting of wooden sticks connected by chains.

Meaning and Significance:
Lezim (sometimes spelled Lazim) is both a folk dance form and a fitness activity performed with rhythmic equipment. The word "Lezim" derives from the Arabic "Lazima" meaning "to be necessary," reflecting its importance in traditional physical and cultural training.

Equipment Description:

• Construction: Two wooden sticks (25-30 cm long) connected by a chain (15-20 cm)
• Materials: Traditionally made from strong wood with metal chains
• Sound Production: The chain creates rhythmic sound when sticks are clicked together
• Modern Adaptations: Plastic versions for safety, newspaper rolls for practice

Detailed Technique Explanation:

A. Fundamental Positions:

1. Starting Position (Prarambhik Sthiti)

• Stand with feet shoulder-width apart
• Hold Lezim in dominant hand (right for most)
• Free hand on hip or by side
• Equipment held at waist level

2. Basic Grip (Pakad)

• Hold one stick firmly
• Allow other stick to hang freely
• Wrist relaxed but controlled
• Elbow slightly bent

B. Core Techniques:

1. Char Thoke (4-Beat Cycle)

Beat 1: Swing clockwise, open Lezim in front of right thigh

Beat 2: Continue swing, click sticks near left waist

Beat 3: Reverse swing anti-clockwise, open in front of thigh

Beat 4: Continue swing, click near right waist

Purpose: Basic rhythm and wrist movement practice

2. Aath Thoke (8-Beat Cycle)

Beat 1-4: Complete Char Thoke

Beat 5: Raise Lezim to forehead level, open sticks

Beat 6: Click sticks near left ear

Beat 7: Downward swing, open in front of body

Beat 8: Click at starting position

Purpose: Coordination of upper body movements

3. Aaghe Pave (Forward Step Sequence)

Beat 1-4: Char Thoke

Beat 5: Lezim to forehead + step right foot forward

Beat 6: Click near left ear

Beat 7: Downward swing + step back

Beat 8: Return to start

Purpose: Integrating footwork with hand movements

4. Picche Pave (Backward Step Sequence)

Beat 1: Open Lezim + step right foot backward

Beat 2: Click near left waist

Beat 3: Open again + bring foot forward

Beat 4: Click near right waist

Beat 5-8: Aath Thoke movements

Purpose: Backward movement coordination

5. Baithak (Squat Sequence)

Beat 1-4: Char Thoke

Beat 5: Lezim to forehead + full squat

Beat 6: Click near ear + stand up

Beat 7: Downward swing

Beat 8: Return to start

Purpose: Lower body strength and coordination

C. Teaching Methodology:

Stage 1: Introduction (Week 1)

• History and cultural significance
• Equipment familiarization
• Basic grip and carrying

Stage 2: Basic Movements (Week 2-3)

• Simple swinging without rhythm
• Isolated clicking practice
• Stationary foot positions

Stage 3: Rhythm Development (Week 4-5)

• Counting practice (1-2-3-4)
• Basic Char Thoke without footwork
• Group synchronization

Stage 4: Integration (Week 6-7)

• Adding simple footwork
• Combining sequences
• Music accompaniment

Stage 5: Performance (Week 8)

• Complete sequences
• Formation changes
• Group presentations

D. Safety Considerations:

Equipment Safety:

• Regular inspection for loose chains
• Smooth sanding of wooden surfaces
• Proper storage to prevent damage
• Age-appropriate size selection

Practice Safety:

• Adequate spacing (3-foot radius per student)
• Designated practice areas
• Supervision during equipment use
• Alternative materials for beginners

Physical Safety:

• Proper warm-up before practice
• Gradual progression in intensity
• Attention to individual limitations
• Hydration breaks during practice

E. Educational Adaptations for Primary Schools:

Grade 1-2 Adaptations:

• Use rhythm sticks instead of Lezim
• Simple shaking to music
• No complex footwork
• Focus on enjoyment rather than technique

Grade 3-4 Adaptations:

• Basic Lezim techniques
• Simple stationary sequences
• Group circle formations
• Emphasis on rhythm keeping

Grade 5 Adaptations:

• Complete technique sequences
• Basic footwork integration
• Formation changes
• Preparation for displays

Conclusion:
Lezim represents a unique blend of physical exercise, rhythmic training, and cultural expression. When adapted appropriately for primary students, it offers multidimensional benefits including physical coordination, musical rhythm development, cultural awareness, and group cooperation skills. Its progressive teaching methodology allows students to experience success at each stage while building toward impressive group performances.