CH-9 IMPACT OF AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS
The process of
teaching-learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in the classroom.
There are. They have these days like, audio, visual and audio-visual aids. y
very much importance in TLP (Teaching Learning Process).
9.1 IMPORTANCE/JUSTIFICATION/CONTRIBUTION OF
TEACHING AIDS IN EDUCATION
The teaching aids/audio-visual aids have many
advantages, which are given below:
1. Use of Maximum Senses:
Senses are said to be the gateway of knowledge. Teaching aids/Audio-Visual aids
call for the utilization of as many senses as possible and thus facilitate the acquisition
of maximum learning on the part of the students.
2. Heighten Motivation
for Learning: These aids motivate learners, as a result of which the resulting
education becomes emotionally simulating, as well as intellectually rewarding.
3.Helpul in the
Process or Attention: Attention is the key actor in any of teaching and
learning. Teaching aids help the teacher in creating proper situations and
environment for capturing as well as maintaining the interest and attention of
the students in classroom activities.
4. Based on maxims of
teaching: the use of teaching aids provides assistance to the teacher for
following the maxims of teaching like simple to complex concrete to abstract
know to unknown etc. their use is also based on the maxim of learning by doing
as a result of it the use of teaching aids helps in improving the process and
products of teaching learning process.
Good Substitute for Direct
Experiences: The root of all understanding and thinking is real experience.
While teaching in Classroom, it is root possible always to provide first hand
real experiences to students. In such circumstances, teaching aids provide
valuable ‘substitu e for the real objects for making the learning as realistic
and meaningful as possible.
6. Presentation of
Historical Material: Since the introduction of photography. a wealth of
authentic photographic record of events, places and people have become
available. Films are there for us to see those photographs arid we can also
listen in the voice of great personalities of the world. History of people
comes alive to us though there aids.
7. Presentation of
Information about inaccessible places: It is often impossible to visit
historical industrial or other prohibited places or distant places. In such
instances these aids are the only means possible for giving pupils information.
8. Presentation of
information about microscopic Materials : there are many materials which pupils
cannot prepare for examination through a microscope projected are useful for
presenting information about these materials films can be used to show the
various stages of life of micro-organisms e.g. to show the students details
structure of virus we will use project or models.
9. Reduce Verbalism:
Verbalism means overuse of words and phases in written or spoken forms.
Verbalism, both printed and spoken, does not prove effective in the process of
teaching and corning. It results :n serious problems. Teaching aids help us in
solving the pollens of verbalism by
providing alternatives for effective communications.
10. Encourage Classroom
Interaction: Success of a teaching-learning act depends upon an
appropriate classroom interaction, Teaching aids encourage healthy classroom
interaction through wide variety of active
participation of students in teaching-learning process
11). Acquaint Pupils
with Infrequent Phenomena: Such Phenomena as Romanovs are rarely seen at the
time a teacher teaches to deal with them a class. Photographs. paintings and
films recall the Past experiences of pupils and vive opportunities for study of
formerly unnoticed details.
12) Summarize a Series
of Observations: After a field trip to a historical place or an industry, a
suitable film presents a quick summary of things seen on the trip, Bulletin
Board display of relevant pictures
serves the same purpose. .
13. Provide Adequate
Impression of Images: Teaching aids Ho help in adequate retention of the learnt
material by leaving behind a permanent mark in the form of adequate impressions
or images, In this way. they help in the process of effective and permanent learning.
14. Help in the Development of Scientific
Attitude: Use of teaching aids helps in cultivating scientific attitude among
students, who acquire the scientific habit of generalization through actual observation.
15. Help in Positive Transfer of Leaning: A
classroom learning is said to be meaningful only if it can be utilized in the
learning of other concepts and subjects. Teaching aids help in this direction
by making possible the transfer of learning and training to other learning situations.
16. Help to Meet the Individual Differences
Requirement: There are wide individual differences among learners. Some can
learn better through the sense of hearing, some can be helped through visual demonstrations,
which others learn better by doing. The use of various teaching aids help in meeting the requirements
of different types of pupils.
17. Help to Solve the Problem
of Indiscipline: If the students are kept inactive in the class, they are bound
to get bored and Of think of making mischiefs. They, thus, create problems of
indiscipline go in the classroom. But the use of Teaching Aids provides many opportunities
to the students to utilize their energies in creative is automatically solve
the problem of indiscipline in the classroom.
18. Help Pupils to make Comparisons: Two or
more sequential photographs permit comparison of changes that might otherwise
go unnoticed. Films on computers give more detailed comparisons than on
television as it can be stopped whenever required. Recordings permit
comparisons of sounds that ordinarily might not be heard together.
19. Show the Slow
Action: Working models are useful for showing how machines operate, indicating
the basic parts, often simplified. A series of models, each illustrating a
portion of the total organization helps to clarify understanding regarding a
complex machine.
20. Clarify of the Subject-matter: Teaching
aids bring clarity To the various difficult abstract concepts related to
various Instead of more explanation, if
the teacher makes use of teach aids, he can make the things more clear and meaningful
to his students,
21. Save Time and Energy:
Much of the time and energy of both, the teachers and students may be saved by
the use of teaching aids. Through the use of these aids, learning objects are
easily defined, clarified, understood and assimilated by the students.
22. Develop Various Skills
Among Students: [he use of teaching aids helps in the development of various
skills among, the students. They learn how to draw a diagram of the topic,
learn how to handle the apparition and incase they face some problems in the conduct
of an experiment, they apply their mind to solve the problem.
23, Overcomes Shortage
of Resources: Use of teaching aids helps in solving many problems like:
(i) Tremendous growth
in our school age population.
(ii) Shortage of classrooms
and classroom buildings.
(iii) Shortage of good
class-room teachers.
(iv) Shortage of quality
education in our schools.
(v) Shortage of
current facilities available for teaching and Learning.
24. Some other
Advantages: Some other uses of using teaching aids in teaching are given below:
(i) Provide freshness
for learning.
(ii) Make learning
long lasting.
(iii) Widen the range
of experiences.
(iv) Gives needed
reinforcement.
(v) Assures order and
continuity of thought.
(vi) Provide variety
to classroom learning.
(vii) Simplify
teachers work.
In this way, the
teaching aids play a significant role in achieving the teaching-learning
objectives. Kothari Commission (1964-66) has said, “The supply of teaching aids
to every school is essential for the improvement of the quality of teaching. It
should indeed bring about an educational revolution in the country.” Similarly,
NPE-1986 has recommended the use of teaching aids, especially improvised aids,
to " make teaching-laming more effective and realistic.
But, it should be kept
in mind that teaching aids are not meant for the replacement of the teacher.
They are good servants and but masters if they are overused. Hence. we should
be careful about the judies use of teaching aids in the teaching learning
process.
9.2 STRATEGIES FOR USING AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA
Audio visual aids are
also called instructional material audio literally means ‘’ hearing and visual
means that which is found by seeing. So all such aids which endeavor to make
the knowledge clear to us through our since are called audio visual aids or
instructional material all these learning material make the learning situations
as real as possible give us firsthand know legged through the organs of hearing
and seeing therefore any device which can be used to make the learning
experience more concrete and effective more realistic and dynamic can be
considered audio visual material.
1.
Principle of Selection:
They
should suit the age level grade level and other characteristics of the
learners.
It
should be interesting and motivating they should be the true representative of
the real things.
They
should have in the realization of desired learning objectives.
2.
Principle of preparation:
As
for as possible locally available material should be used.
The
teachers should receive some training in the preparation of aids.
The
teachers the selves should prepare some of the aids.
Students
may be associated in the preparation of aids.
3.
Principle of Handling : Arrangement of keeping aids safely and also
to facilitate their lending to the teachers for use.
4.
Principles of presentation:
Teachers should
carefully visualize the use of teaching aids before their actual presentation.
They should fully
familiar themselves with the use and manipulation of the aids.
Adequate care should
be taken to handle an aid in such a way as no damage is done it.
The aid should be
displayed properly so that all the students are able to see it, observe it and
derive maximum benefit out of it.
5. Principle of
Response: This is the important principle: Teachers guide the students to
respond activity to the AV stint se that they get maximum benefits in learning.
6. Principle of Evaluation:
Continuous evaluation to necessary for attaining the desirable objectives.
9.2.1 Films
Films help in
education in a tremendous way. Children who street with difficulties and
disabilities with any kind of academic curriculum can relate to film. Film is
universal language. Film isa leveler- children can relate to it no matter what
their family background or confidence to use film effectively in lessons so
training and supports are important. Film can be a gateway to exploring complex
ideas and open children’s eye to other ways of looking at the world. In the
thirty minutes of filmed documentary, the student may learn more about history
of particular invention, than he could in three hours of reading and he may
remember it for longer time. The films expand the reach of ordinary class room.
It exposes the child to the places which are either in-accessible or too
dangerous for the ordinary human to go. Kinds of Educational Films
The films can be
classified into following types:
1. Class-room Films:
These films are directly concerned with class room teaching and serve many
purposes like:
Films form the basis of the lesson e.g.: film
showing earthquake, volcanic eruption, formation of snow, formation of rain.
These films can be used to teach the lesson regarding these processes to the
students. For this teacher has to prepare beforehand and should have full
knowledge of the content of the film.
Some films show the
techniques and the steps involved in demonstrating certain experiments and
these can be observed by all the students of the class.
Certain films show the
experiments which are beyond the scope of the social science department.
Films can also be used to depict the life
histories of social reformers, freedom fighters. history of particular period, global
warming etc.
2. Industrial Films:
These films give the detail of Major industries e.g iron and steel industry,
coal, petroleum industry etc.
3, School Made Films: These
films are prepared by the school showing different activities in the school,
like activities of social science club, social science exhibition etc.
4. Documentary Films:
These are produced by Government on variety of subjects e.g. environmental
awareness, literary campaign, wild life, girl child etc.
3. Newsreel: These
give details of current events.
9.2.2 Effective Uses of Films/Documentaries in
Further Learning
1. Attention: Films
gather the attention of the spectators. In a darkened room ears captured the
voice of the narrator and eyes focused on images bigger than life, one can
easily enter into the lives of other people.
2. Reality: Films
heighten reality. These provide a feel of reality to the students.
3. Explanation of
Certain Process: Certain processes can be better presented by films. e.g.:
formation of snow.
4, Change in Attitude:
Films can even change the attitude of learners.
5. Utilization of
Teaching Talent: Best talent of teaching available at some places can be made
to reach out to other places through
video films.
6. Helpful for Distant
Place: It can take the class room to distant places.
7. Slow Motion: Films
can display events in fast or slow motion. The images may be frozen and
dissolved into graphics.
8. Interesting: It
creates greater interest in learning.
Disadvantage of Films /Documentaries
1. Stress on
Entertainment: Sometimes children think that films are only for entertainment
and they do not realize their educational
importance and purpose
for which film was projected was lost.
2. Passive Students:
In absence of interactively, viewers may merely watch and hear passively. ?
Lack of Attention: If film is shown longer than a few minutes at a time. the
viewers can lose their attention. .
4.Need of Follow-up:
Without follow up films cannot help in to help in inculcating the desired
objectives.
5. No Attention on
Main Points: Sometimes students do not focus their attention on main points of
the film.
6. Individual
Differences: Individual differences are not taken into account.
To overcome these
shortcomings of the films teacher can play an effective role in selecting and
projecting films. So, those films can serve the purpose for which they are
made.
Role of Teacher in Selecting and Projecting the
Film
How to Select a Film?
Following points should be considered while deciding to select a film:
1. How much time can
the teacher spend on the film?
2. Is the film
appropriate to the subject?
3. Is the film copy in
good condition? Is it relevant to the prescribed lesson or would it give a
distorted look?
4. sit applicable to
the mental level of the students? Does it fulfill the objective of the lesson?
5. Is it applicable to
local situation or similar to it?
6. Is the language used
in the film clear and easily understandable by the students?
7. Is the technical
information up to date?
How to Project a Film?
More important than the film is the method of showing it. The film should be
shown to its best advantage. For this following points should be followed when
you decided to project a film. These are:
1. Notify the day,
date and time of showing the film with little details about film i.e. regarding
duration, name of film etc. °
2. Never present the
film before the class which you have not previewed.
3. Viewing of film by
the teacher should be done one day before the presentation.
4. A thorough
background of the subject matter covered in the film should be given to the
students before hand.
5 Make it sure that
room is properly darkened and there should be good distance between front row
and the screen.
6. After the film has
been shown there should be questioning, comments and discussion.
7. if needed and time permits. film can be shown
again so as to enable the students to remove their misconceptions.
8. Give students some
activities or questions to be answered after they have understood the purpose
of film,
9.Evaluate the film
for later use,
Many educational films
shown in schools are part of long series To example, films demonstrating scientific
principles and experiments tend to be episodic. with each episode devoted to a
specific experiment or principle. Many early psychological studies of learning
from film and particularly TV found this medium to be inferior to text. Studies
revealed that memory retention was weaker for film watching than those who read
text. This has changed with the advent of online video Which can be paused and
rewound easily. More recent studies now see no difference in memory retention
between the two media, video and text. Cognitive overload may occur because the
viewer has to process audio and visuals at the same design of the film can elevate
this.
EXERCISE
1.What do you mean by
Audio-Visual Aids? How these aids affect students learning in classroom?
Explain it.
2. Explain the
strategies adopted for using audio-visual aids in detail.
3. Define the role of
Films and Documentaries in the field of education.
4. What are
educational films? Discuss their role in students learning,
