CH-17 ICT-BASED TEACHER PROFESSIONAL AND CAPACTITY DEVELOPMENT
Information and Communicatio1
Technology or “ICT,” includes products that store, process, transmit, convert,
duplicate, or receive electronic information. Electronic textbooks,
instructional soft- ’ ware, email, chat, and distance learning programs are
also examples of ICT. ICT allows the teacher to procure and modify resources quickly
and easily. It allows access to a wide range of information in various formats,
and interactive white boa ds ([WBs) have become essential tools in the
classroom.
17.1 E-LEARNING
E-learning is an
abbrev action the term electronic learning. It is the use of electronic media,
educational technology and ICT in education. In includes numerous type of media
that deliver text, audio maxes, animation and stream’s, ice. to also includes
technology applications and process such as audio or video tame, satellite, TV,
CU)-ROM and computer based learning as well as local internet/external and web
based learning information and communication. System, E-learning can occur nor
out of the classroom. It suited to distance’s learning and flexible leaning.
but can also be used in conduction with Rice-to-face teaching, in whack case,
the term ‘Blended Learning’ Is commonly used E-Learning can occur in or out of
the classroom. It can be self-paced asynchronous learning or may be instructor
led synchronous learning E-Learning is suited to distance learning and flexible
learning but it can also be used in conjunction with face to-face teaching in
which case the term blended learning is commonly used.
The term e-learning
comprises a lot more than online learning, virtua learning, distributed
learning, networked or web-based learning.
As the letter “e’ in
e-learning stands for the word “electron learning would incorporate all
educational activities that are carried out individuals or groups working
online offline and synchronously or asynchronously via networked or standalone
computers and other electronic devices,
Definition of E-Learning
Simply E-learning is
electronic learning and typically this mean. using a computer to deliver a part
or all of ¢ course Whether it is in school part of your mandatory business
training or a full distance learning cruise.
Oxford Dictionary
defines E-learning as the “learning conducted via electronic media, typically
on the internet.”
In V Good view,
E-learning is the “The use of any electronic- tetralogy to aid in the
acquisition and development of knowledge and understanding, in order to demonstrable
and positively influence behavior.”
According to Derek Stocky
(2003), “The delivery of a learning, training or education program by
electronic means. E-learning, involving the use of a computer or electronic
device, in some way to provide training, educational or learning material.”
According to Brandon
Hall, “E-learning is an instruction that .s delivered electronically, in part
or wholly via a Web browser, through the Internet or an intranet, or through
multimedia platforms such a...
CD-ROM or DVD.”
Hence E-learning is
the use of technology to enable people to learn anything and anywhere. It can
include training, the delivery of just— in time information and guidance from
experts.
17.2 NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF E-LEARNING
Or the basis of above
definitions, E-learning has t -e following characteristics:
1. Computer Enhanced
Learning: E-learning is a generic term used to refer computer enhanced
learning.
2. Tetralogy-enhanced
Learning: It includes all type of technology enhanced learning (TEL) where
technology is used to support the leaning process.’ for learners to log on to
an e-learning environment at any time and download documents or send messages
to teachers order’s. Students may spend more time refining their contr. buttons,
which are generally considered more though full compared to synchronous
communication, Many of the technologies used in asynchronous e-learning also
permit two way communication between learners and instructors, or multi. directional,
collaborative communication among learners themselves
3. Blended Learning:
In blended learning ¢-learning is being combined with traditional classroom
methods and independent study to create a new, hybrid teaching methodology.
Many use terms ike hybrid, mixed, or integrative to describe the same trend. In
a blended. learning course, for example, students might attend a class taught
by a teacher in a traditional classroom setting, while also independently completing
online components of the course outside of the classroom. In this case,
in-class time may be either replaced or supplemented by online learning
experiences, and students would learn about the same topics online as they do
in class—i.e., the online and in-person learning experiences would parallel and
complement one another The blended learning will have the essential requirement
of In-person classroom activities facilitated by a teacher online learning
materials provided through a website, bog, or LMS
structured independent study and assignments
both face to face and online mode Blended learning can provide .he convenience,
speed and cost effectiveness of e-learning with the personal touch of
traditional learning. Students can prepare for, consolidate and recall
classroom experiences online, while gaining the benefits of interaction with teachers and students via an actual or virtual
classroom. Student learning and retention rates improve without sacrificing the
convenience, cost- effectiveness and customization of self-paced Web-based
coursework.
1.
Individual
versus group: Individualized e-learning refers to situations where an
individual learner is accessing learning resources such as a database or course
content offline or online via an Intranet or the Internet. A typical example of
this is a learner studying alone of conducting some research on the Internet,
local network or using @ CD or DVD. In group-based e-learning refers to
situations where groups of learners are working together in real time or with
time delay via an Intranet or the Internet. It may include text-based
conferential. online discussion forum, electronic mailing, and one or two-way
audio and videoconferencing. Examples of this include learners enjoyed in a
real-time chat or an audio-video conference
5. Self-paced versus
Instructor Lead: In self-paced approach the e-learning courseware is usually
made available through an online learning platform or on CD-ROM. Learners are
free to choose the learning activities and Icahn at the r own pace based on individual
needs and interests. E-learning content is developed according to a set of
learning objectives and is delivered using different media elements, such as
text, graphics, audio and video. [t must provide as much learning support as
possible (through explanations, examples, interactivity, feedback, glossaries,
etc.) in order to make learners self- sufficient. But in instructor lead, the
course is scheduled and led by an instructor and/ or facilitator through an
online learning plat of m. E- learning content for individual study can be
integrated with instructor’s lectures, individual assignments and collaborative
activities among learners. Learners, facilitators and instructors can use
commune ‘action tools such as e-mails discussion forums, chats, polls,
whiteboards, and application sharing and audio and video conferencing to
communicate and work together. At the end, a final step typically includes an
exert or assessment to measure learning.
17.4 E-JOURNAL (E-ZINE) .
The word ‘Journal’ has
been derived from the French word ‘Jour’, means ‘day . So, journal means daily.
Transactions are recorded daily in journal, and hence it has been named so. It
is a book of original entry to record chronologically and in detail the various
transaction of a trader. It is also
known as Day Book, because it contains the account of every day’s transactions.
Meaning: The dictionary
meaning of journal is “a record book as a physical object. ’ Generally, journal
is defined as a daily Witten record of experiences and observations.
In all, we can define
a journal as a record of experiences, ideas, reflected ns Kept regularly for
private use. . Journal. in Academic Field An academic journal is a peer-viewed
periodical in which scholarship related to a particle subject/topic is
published. It 1s a periodical dedicated to a particular subject periodical
dedicated to a particular subject.
History: A journal 1s fundamental
to formal scholarly communication the first journal des scans was published as
a new medium of communication WET . i the creation ; centuries, the journal has
played a pivotal role in* ‘ ton and transmission of knowledge, by serving as
the primary medium of scholarly communication: and has remained, essential
unchanged in form and function over its life time. Science 15 scarcely
imaginable without the scholarly journal.
Despite its benefits
to scholarship, the paper journal system has been subjected to much criticism. Deficiencies
noted by some authors include — perceived problems with the peer reviews
process, that it suppresses new ideas, favor authors from prestigious
institutions and causes undue delay of publication process, high cost that arc exalting
faster than the rate of inflation and lack of selectivity. Spiraling cost and
long publication delays are the most serious criticism.
At the same time that
the cost of production of paper journal have increased sharply, development in
computer and communication technology have accelerated. As the result, there
came the dramatic explosion of the world wide webs. Technology increasingly
offers the possibility of using computers and communication networks to create alternative
electronic form of the conventional paper journal. It is possible that these
new forms of computer based communication will transform the scholarly
communication system of journals. There is much debate and discussion concerning
how the roles of various participants in the scholarly communication process,
including libraries, may be refined in the process.
E-Journal or E-Zine
Simply, an E-journal is a journal published in
electronic form. Electronic journals also known as journal, e-journal, and
electronic series as scholarly journals, or intellectual magazines that can be accessed
via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they are usually
published on the web. They are a specialized form of
7 electronic
documents. They have the purpose of providing mater for academic research and study. They are
formulated approximately like journal articles in traditional printed journals.
Being in electronic form, articles.
sometimes contain metadata that can be entered into 4 specialized databases.
such as DOAJ or OACJ, as well as the databases and research-engines for the
academic discipline concerned.
17.4.1 Meaning and Definition of E-Journal
E-journal is often
used interchangeably with terms like ‘online journal’, ‘academic journal’, ‘academic
e-journal’, ‘e-zine” and ‘academic open access e-journal’,
E-journal.is created
by the conversion of a ‘paper journal’ to digital form and subsequently
archival of its contents in an electronic database, in a portable shortage
devise such as a CD, on the internet, or some combination of these.
1. The dictionary
meaning of E-journal is a journal published in electronic form. Being an
‘online’ journal, it allows immediate access to a researcher’s findings.
2. Dictionary of
Internet (2001) — A journal, academic in nature, which is published using the
world wide web. Such a journal usually uses internet technology such as conferencing,
to carry out associated activities, such as referencing of papers. Many
e-journals pride themselves on rapid referencing and consequent rapid
publication.
According to Turnoff
and Hilts, “although e-journals have been under development since 1976, e-journals
in their non-experimental phase did not begin until the 1990s, with a few
exceptions. The first peer-reviewed full text e-journal including graphics was
‘online journal of current clinical trials (OJCCT).”
In the most recently
published list and one of the few projects involving e-journals, Hitchcock, Carr
& Hall (1990) “identified 115 scholarly peer-reviewed e-journals in science
and technology and there are many more in the social science and humanities.
These constitute the first wave of what are likely to be many more scholarly
e-journals to come.
17.4.2 Types of E-Journals ;
E-Journals are
scholarly journals that are available online to the students/teachers without
financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from
gaining access to the internet itself. ~
Some e-journals are
subsidized and some require payment on behalf of the author. Subsidized e-journals
are financed by an academic institution oar government information Centre,
those requiring payment are typically financed by money, made available to
researchers for the purpose from a public or private funding agency, as part of
a research grant. .
There have been
several modifications of open’ access Journals that have considerably different
nature: hybrid open) access journals, and delayed open access journals. The
publisher of an open access journals is called open access publisher’.
The variation in open
access pub is has given the following types to E-journal’s:
1. “Gold OA”,
generally called good road to open access are journals, who have entirely open
access. They are the fully open accessed journals hosted by the publisher with
no barriers on online access.
2. Hydride open access
journals — These are of two types:
(i) Journals with
research articles open access
(ii) Journals with
some research articles open access. Payment is made on behalf of the author.
3. Delayed open access
journals — They have open access to particular articles only after a period of
embargo.
4. Journals with some
open access and the other delayed access. ~
5. “Green OA” is open
access self-archiving (deposited by its authors) of material which may have
been published as non-open access. .
Non-open access distribution is called “toll
access” or “subscription access”. Pubic access to the world wide web became
widespread in the late 1990s and early
2000s. The low-cost distribution technology has fueled the open access
movement, and prompted the creation of Open access journals. .
Ten to fifteen percent
of the 20-25,000 peer reviewed journals are open access journals (gold OA), as
indexed by the Directory of Open Access Journals. Of the more than 10,000
non—-OA peer reviewed journals indexed in the Romeo Directory of Publisher
Policies, over 90% endorse some form of
author self-archiving (green OA): 62% endorse self-archiving the author's final
peer-reviewed draft of
“post print” 29% the
pre-referring “preprint.”
Manner of Distributor
Most open access Or e-journal
articles are distributed via the world
wide web, due to low distribution costs, increasing reach, speed: ( and
increasing importance for scholarly communication. Open source software is
sometimes used for institutional repositories, open access journal websites and
other aspects or scholarly open access publishing. OA articles, usually have
limited copyright and licensing restrictions.
Internet access is
compulsory for access to online content or journals. This distributional consideration
presents physical and sometimes financial ‘barriers’ to access. Proponents of
the open access model argue that these barriers are relatively low in many
circumstances that efforts should be made to subsidize universal internet
access
Open access can be
provided by traditionally-organized publishers or under other arrangements.
With respect to scholarly material, some distribution is carried out by locally
organized and subsidized publishers; normally it 1s a specialized pub is hers.
Some open access publishers, such as Public Library Of Science (PLOS) publish
only open access matter , ochers such as Biomed Central publish open access
journals as well as subscription-based material.
Most commercial
e-journals are subscription-based or allow pay- preview access. Many
universities subscribe in bulk to package of e- journals, so as to provide
access to them to their students and faculty. It iv generally also possible for
individuals to purchase an annual subscription to a journal via the original
publishers.
An increasing number
of journals are available as on-line open access journals, requiring no
subscription and offering free full-text articles and reviews to all. More
e-journals are published in HTML aid PDF Fermat, but some are available in only
one of he two format. A small minority publish in DOC, and few are starting to
add MP3 audio Authors, Researcher and Users
The main reason,
authors make their articles openly accessible is to maximize their research
impact. It is generally seen that an »pen access article in the journal, is
more used and cited than the others which have subscription barriers.
Scholars are paid by
research funders and their universities do research. The published article is the
report of the work they have done, rather than an item for commercial gain. The
more the article is used, cited, applied and built upon, the better for
research as well as for the researcher’s career.
Students, teachers and
researchers are frostily he pad by the e- journal. One of the great
beneficiaries of open access may be users in developing countries, where there
are currently some universities with no journal subscriptions at all sew
scientific journal and most cay library can afford to subscribe to every
scientific journal and most can only afford a small fraction open access.
17.4.3 Advantages of E-Journals .
1. E-journals are
important learning resources for student's self. learning2, They improve the
efficiency of scientific scholarship.
3. They facilitate new
forms of scholarly practice through new relationships to information, knowledge
and peers.
4. _E-journals creates
new kinds of work in scholarly practice,
5. Scholars craft
multiple routines for using E-journals to support range of information
practice. 7 -_
6. _E-journals provide
a bridge between publicizing and publishing scholarly work.
7. E-journals features
get blurred with the features of the broader search- and — retrieval
environment.
8. E-journals allow
immediate access to a researcher’s findings.
17.4.4 Insight on E-Journals for Future
1. E-journals are part
of a cluster of innovations and technologies that can be leveraged to create value for
scholars.
2. Scholars obtain more value from e-journal
when the journal support a wide range of information practices.
3. Scholars work in an
integrated media environment, with synergies between paper and electronic
journals.
4, E-journals offer different types of values
for searching, reading and publishing.
5. The zone between
informal publicizing the formal publication is 4
rich and critical area
of scholarly communication.
At present, the
e-journals with open access facility, have extended their reach of research
beyond its immediate circle, An OA article can be read by Anyone — a
professional in the field, a researcher in another field. a Journalist, a
politician or civil servant. on an interested hobbyist. A study conducted in 2008
revealed that mental health professionals are roughly twice as likely to read a
relevant article. If it is freely available.
17.5 E-BOOK
“Book’ in ordinary
use, means, “a long written or printed matter or a collection of pages, hold
together and protected by a cover.”
In comparison with
other media of communication, books are uniquely independent conveyors of culture,
opinion and information. They supply enduring records of man’s scientific,
social and cultural progress. Their range of subject-matter is limitless,
covering every field of endeavor and achievement. They tell all about the
progress of human race systematically and faithfully.
Books have not only
contributed greatly to creating a literate population, but also accelerated the
spread of information and ideas throughout the world. They are the backbone of
our educational system. Students and teachers are both benefited by their use.
They continue to be relevant for the development of the individual’s potential
and also for providing the intellectual basis for tile sustained economic, social,
cultural and political development along with democratic lines.
History: In India,
printing in its modern sense was introduced in 1557. Today India is one of the
major book producing countries in the world. As per survey conducted by the Federation
of Indian Publishers, India is the fourth largest publishing nation in the
world after USA, UK and Germany. It is producing 60,000 titles every year.
Today, India is proud to have a pulsating world of book-publishing in a number
of Indian languages.
Electronic Book (E-Book)
The concept of book
industry is changing very fast due to the impact ICT, particularly electronic books,
E-book as they are known. Publishing environment has changed incredibly since
explosion of web and is continually changing. Since 90’s, digital library and
E-publishing have moved from esoteric interest of a few visionaries to
activities, which is a beginning to rival traditional libraries and publishing.
After the IT boom, the
conventional publishers have moved their business orientation into the
E-publishing sector with diverse products. The catalyst has been technical - PC,
internet, etc. Computers and networks have made possible, the availability of
information and have brought changes in our way of living and thinking. A new
information technology has been evolved during the last quarter of the last
century. The development of E-books 15 a part of this history and development.
17.5.1 Meaning of Electronic book (E-Book)
An E-book is an
electronic version of a traditional print book that can be read by using a
personal computer or by using a E-book reader .
Users can purchase an
E-book on diskette or CD but the most popular method of getting an E-book is to
purchase a downloadable file reading device generally an E-book can be
downloaded in 5 minutes or less.
Although it is
necessary to use a reader application or device in order to read an E-book they
are popular because they enable options similar to those of a paper book reader
can book mark pages, make notes highlight passages and save selected text in addition
to these familiar possibilities e-book reader also include built in
dictionaries and alterable font sizes and styles. Typically an e-book reader
hand help device weights from about twenty two ounces to there or four pounds
and can store from thousand to over half a million pages of text and graphics.
Some E-books can be
down loaded for free or at reduced cost however prices for many e-books
especially best sellers are similar to those of hardcover books and sometimes
higher.
17.5.2 Definition of E-book.
1. E-book can be
defined in the following way
(i) It is a book whose
contents are in an electronic format
(ii) A small portable
device can be downloaded and read.
1.
Hawkins DT
(2000), states that an E-book is the content of a book made available in an
electronic form”
2.
Morgan
(1999) limits the definition of E-book as apposed to e-texts, to being a
hardware software combination used to read electronic data on a specially
designed potable device.
3.
Jan. O.
botchers, An electronic book or e-book is a portable hardware and software
system that can display large quantities of readable textural information to
the user and that lets the user navigate thorough his information.
4.
Hence an
electronic book also called e-book or digital book is a text and image based
publication in digital from produced on published by and readable on computers
or other digital devices.
Electronic Book Vs Paper Book
According
to Hawkins (2000), “despite advancement in production and delivery of
electronic information, the printed books publishing industry continue to
thrive people read books actively or passively, focusing on one or multiple
texts, for a variety of reasons.” Some of the reasons are mentioned here. Printing
books are a long-lasting cultural icon, because they arc easy to use, generally
portable and resistant to damage. Furthermore, paper and ink have “excellent
characteristics for storing and conveying information” said by Hawkins.
But, despite these
attractive qualities, printed paper books have many drawbacks. They are costly
to produce, store distribute and update, and are difficult to search With the
convergence of computer and telecommunication technology, and the development
of global net- work, there has been a recent trend in the book industry towards
the development of electronic books.
These electronic books
are cheap to manufacture and easy to store, distribute, update and search. Also
in the library environment, they make economic sense as printing costs have
pushed the prices of books and journals beyond acquisitions budget.
17.5.3. Classification of E-Books
E-books can be
classified into following categories:
1. Reference and
Documentation: This material 1s read to answer a concrete question. This genre
includes dictionaries, phone books, encyclopedia or reference manuals.
2 Learning: The goal
is to take in information in a structure form for later application. Examples
are tutorials, school books and non-fiction in general.
3. Browsing: Skimming
a document to get an idea of its overall contents and decide whether to read it
in detail or not. Examples are newspaper, journals and magazines. When an
article seems interesting, this can turn into reading for learning
4. Entertainment:
These books are read to relax and enjoy oneself. Novels and comics are of this
category.
17.5.4 Advantages of E-Books
E-books provide
different advantages to different persons:
(A)
For
readers
(B)
1.
Availability : E-books are always available to the readers no title become out
of print or are lent out in a library (Although copyright license method might
introduce this problem there are no problems with library or bookshop opening
hours teir physical location or mailing delays.
(C)
Portability
: Carrying additional titles does not mean additional weight.
3. Searching: It
become easy to find passage Sand definitions in the text.
4. Customization: It
becomes possible to change is play brightness, font size and style (specially
for visually impaired) and to add mark up, annotation and 'inks.
5 Multimedia: Audio
and video (like voice, music, sound, graphics, images or video clips), as well
as arbitrary extension with external applications, can enhance an E-book to an
integrated, impossible for a printed version
6. Environment:
Despite production and operating resources E-boo!. may require less environ
mental! resources, such as wood and energy 'n the long run.
(B) For Author
Publishing: Publishing
without a publisher become easier.
2. Feedback: More
direct contact to readers becomes poss. blew through direct author — publishing
and integrated electronic (e-mail like} feedback by readers.
(C) For Publishers
1, Publishing Speed: The publishing process
becomes quicker With electronic media, especially if distributed via ‘internet.
I: becomes easier to incorporate changes and distribute updates.
2 Publishing Cost: The
cost of publishing and shipping disappear. Titles that may be less cost-efficient
get a chance to be a published.
Storage: No physical
storage room for printing copies is required anymore,
In the words of Wilson
& gibb (200) e-book is an integration of the classical print structure with
an electronic environment giving additional value added features that paper
cannot provide Some of the advantages are timely and efficient distribution
the ability to search and interact with
the text easily; and side spread accessibility through the internet.
Disadvantages
(A) Technological
Issues
1. Downloading: The
main disadvantages for downloaded t:- book to standard hardware and those
remaining on the provider s website include reading from PC screen;
unattractive formats, and downloaded times dependent on the speed of data
lines.
2. Wilson & Gibb
(2000) add other technological issues, such as dependency on access to unstable
telecommunication networks With books remaining on a subscription company’s
website, is the added disadvantages of restricted printing and copying limiting
portability.
3. Since computer
display do not. yet have the resolution of paper, it is still easier to read
from paper book.
4. Contrast and
Brightness. These are still far better on printed media. However, digital ink
is being developed in the Gyration and E-ink projects, may be able to improve
these factors for electronic devices.
5. Colour: At least
for portable devices, such as E-books, color intensity and color ranges are not
of the quality of printed documents.
(B) The Form Factors
1. Weight: Even though
an E-book is easier to carry than a dozen printed books, it is usually still heavier
than a single paperback volume to-day.
2. Dimensions: The
physical dimensions of an E-book are fixed and cannot be changed individually
for each title. Printed titles appear in a large variety of formats than, often
serve a certain purpose, e.g. pocket
able paperback Vs large photography volume.
3. Power Consumption: Power
is consumed in reading E- books. Traditional paper books are practically always
readable. To reduce the problem of having no access to material on an E-book because
of a ‘dead battery’. use of solar power as additional energy source is
recommended.
4. Parallel Use: To
view several books next to each other requires several hardware devices. This
is a fundamental problem which is only partially alleviated by windowing user interfaces.
A, solution would be multiple pages than that can display digital ink such as
in Xerox Gyricon or MIT’s E-ink project.
5. Fragility : E books
are skill for more liable to damage when dropped bent or other wise abused even
in contact with water paper books have a more graceful degradation than E-books
6. Flexibility: A
paper newspaper I soft’ enough to he spread out on a crowded desk or otherwi5e
uneven surface. E-books- hardware, however, is rigid and non-flexible. '
7. Paper and Print Quality:
Traditional books are only produced in an expensive form if the publisher
expects them to be of are actively high significance to the readership,
resulting in a large sate yo use. Consumers, therefore, use the production
quality of a paper book as one parameter to, also judge the quality of its
contents, such as its lasting importance or the level of editing and reviewing
it has received. E-book titles cannot use this haptic quality indicator.
8. Browsing: To
quickly judge whether a book is suitable for buying, people tend to thumb
through a book quickly. A lot of effort has gone into replicating this navigation
metaphor in E-books. With a desktop PC, the E-book is not as portable as its part
counterpart. But with technological developments, resulting in increasingly
lightweight computers, this .s changing. Schist (1999) cogently outlines
benefits that dedicated hand-held devices have Mobile natation to already
mentioned, these include:
(i)
Mobile
access to larger amounts of information
(ii)
Organizing
e.g. by annotating
(iii)
Filtering
by generating personalized queries and
(iv)
Support
for different modes of reading.’
Some of these
advantages can be obtained when using E-books with other types of hardware
through the use of special reader software.
17.5.5 Future of E-Books
We have seen t its . printed
books. It is of E-book as compared 0 readers than the advantages Keen have more
disadvantages -° the commented that. “E-publisher have this in view, Auditor
(2000) has completely satisfy printed beak 3 are a long Way to go before the
both content and richening ; resent. the focus is on the lee why are components
of E-book. air, with the quality of the display critical component, and the issue of open
standards pivotal to its future development. However. content should not be overlooked,
the port book represents an important cultural icon, and despite the value
added functions possible with an electronic format, the maintenance of book rhetoric
is an important conception for the development of good -book. Only good E-book.
with better contents and technology we being can match printed books only.
17.6 ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH CONTENT ON THE WEB
A website ‘s a
location that is connected to the Internet and has one or more web pages. A
website is a collection of interrelated web pages containing mu media content,
etc. It can be accessed the Internet or a private local area network (LAN). It
is a.so called the
World Wide Web (www).
The Internet is _
treasure ‘rove of information, which can provide complete information about any
topic found in this world Search engines provide information on a wide range of
topics, including government law and services, -school topics, trade fairs and
conferences, market information innovations and technical support.
Complete information
about any subject or lesson from any school subject can be obtained from
various websites. By typing and clicking on the name of the text or ‘optic in a
particular place on the Internet, web pages related .o it are opened which can
be picked and opened all at once. They can note down their favorite and desired
content It has become a common practice to seek research help from the web. simply
you search related topic on the internet, as all the websites related to it
available, including full details of previous research related to the topic,
research paper and other materials that are reliable. It is also innovative.
This allows any researcher to create their own dissertation. Websites keep up
to date with news and updates on all topics covered in medicine, technology and
science domains. There are many such websites related to almost every specific
topic, which provides complete and up-to-date information about them.
In the end, it can be
said that websites have made academic and research work much easier and more accessible.
From this the student can get the required information at home. For this work
he no longer has to go to the library, find the books and note down the
required material in them.
EXERCISE ,
1.
Explain
the meaning of e-learning and discuss different approaches in this regard
2. What ‘s online education? Describe the
different mediums of online education, how it relates to flexible learning.
3. ‘What does‘
learner-controlled online learning resources ’mean? Explain in detail one such
tool.
4. Define e-magazine
Explain the different types of it.
5. Define e-magazine.
How can a student get e-magazine? Explain its advantages in detail .
6. What do you mean by
e-book? How it is different from printed books? Extant the benefits of e-books
for students.
7. Hat is website? How
can we get information from website? Explain it.
