CH-15 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
Computer plays a
significant role in cash n every field of life. They help us in several ways.
For example, they find applications in medicine, industrial process, aviation
industry, making bills in various big shops & malls, creating presentation
slides in application software for making notes & delivering lectures in
colleges, universities and a lot more. In short, not only in just one, but the
Computer plays an all-rounded role in the field of education of students. It’s
hard to deny that computers have taken a prominent role in modern society. From
the smart phones in our pockets to the smart devices controlling our appliances
at home and everything in between, computer technology is everywhere. It should
come as no surprise that the use of computers in education has been steadily
increasing and in many ways has revolutionized traditional education. Computers
in the classroom have multiple benefits for both students and their teachers.
15.1 COMPUTER AND TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
Computers are one of
the most valuable resources in a classroom because they serve so many useful functions.
With computers and the internet, students today have a wealth of information at
their fingertips that can help them develop their research and communication
skills while preparing them for a future career in a workforce that is increasingly
reliant on computer technology.
Computers also have an
important role beyond primary and Secondary education classrooms. Thanks to
computers and technological advancements, higher education is now more
accessible than ever. Many colleges and universities offer online classes, and some
even offer degree programs that can be completed exclusively online. Online
classes and online degree programs make it easier for single parents or
students with heavy workloads to continue their education from the comfort of
their own home and at their own pace.
15.2 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IN TEACHING
LEARNING-PROCESS
One of the most common
applications of computers in education today involves the ongoing use of
educational software and programs that facilitate personalized online instruction
for students. Programs like ready use computers to assess students in reading
and math. Students then work on interactive reading and math lessons that are designed
to target the specific academic needs identified during diagnostic testing.
Educational software like this makes it easier to differentiate instruction so
that lessons meet each student’s unique learning needs. These tools also provide
a wealth of useful data and resources that teachers can use to work with their
students in the classroom and maximize learning. Online assessments are more efficient
than traditional paper testing because it allows for more immediate feedback
and data.
Mobile devices and
technologies are an inevitable part of society, but that does not mean that
students naturally understand how to use those technologies appropriately. Using
computers in the classroom gives teachers an opportunity to teach digital
citizenship skills that demonstrate ways to use technology correctly and
responsibly. Computers also help maximize student engagement. Modern students are
regularly exposed to technology outside of the classroom. Most use and enjoy
smart phones and other mobile devices, which is why they are more likely to
engage in the learning process if it involves something to which they are
already accustomed and enjoy.
Computers have
revolutionized the teaching profession in multiple ways. Teachers use computers
to record grades, calculate averages, and manage attendance and access data on
student performance in online programs and assessments. Computers have also
made it easier for teachers to vary their instructional delivery. Instead of
lecturing at the front of the room for an entire class period, teachers can
incorporate technology into their lessons to keep students engaged while
appealing to a variety of learning styles. From using computers to create presentations
one topic to showing video clips that complement the toss an at hand, techno
lazy helps teachers make the content easier for Students to understand.
15.3 ATTENDANCE MAKING
Student attendance
system helps teachers to mark on tine attendance of students during class &
reduce manual work Pals ouch to track student’s attendance, absentee record,
attendance history &. other related documents. It helps to maintain the
accurate record and generate summarized student attendance reports for the
students by applying various criteria.
Fingerprint Sensor
A fingerprint scanner
is a type of technology that identifies and authenticates the fingerprints of an
individual in order to grant or deny access to a computer system or a physical
facility. It is a type of biometric security technology that utilizes the
combination of hardware and software techniques to identify the fingerprint
scans of an individual:
Fingerprint scanners
work by capturing the pattern of ridges and valleys on a finger. As a finger
rests on the touch-capacitive surface, the device measures the charge; ridges
exhibit a change in capacitance, while valleys produce practically no change at
all. The sensor uses all this data to accurately map out prints.
Iris Based Attendance
Iris recognition
verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods in
Biometrics. This system based biometrics and wireless technique solves the problem
of spurious attendance and the trouble of laying the corresponding network. It
can make the users’ attendances more easily and effectively. recognition is an
automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical
pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irises of an individual's
eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some
distance.
Face Recognition
Face recognition
systems use computer algorithms to pick out specific, distinctive details about
a person’s face. These details, such as distance between the eyes or shape of
the chin, are then converted into a mathematical representation and compared to
data on other faces collected in a face recognition database.
Voice Scanner
Voice or speaker
recognition is the ability of a machine or program to receive and interpret
dictation or to understand and carry out spoken commands. ... Voice recognition
systems enable consumers to interact with technology simply by speaking to it,
enabling hands- free requests, reminders and other simple tasks.
15.4 DAILY PLANNER
In earlier time in
school, college and universities students’ record was maintained manually but
nowadays it is easy because of computer. Daily activities and tasks can be
entered into the computer and daily schedules can be sent to universities,
schools and colleges using e-mail. Time-tables are easily generated by computer
and with the help of printer many copies are made which are given to the
teachers and students. the workday gets more structured. Apps work with
Calendar or with
Google Calendar which
has the added ability to work on or offline. Finding or organizing To-doss lets
you track planned events. Calendars are a ubiquitous app. Once you have set the
basics of your course, it’s time to think about how you will plan each day of
your class. Research shows that the most successful faculty members, on
average, work on teaching. This includes starting before getting ready and
stopping before work is finished. The daily class period begins with what to do
in class today. The class work of the day should fit into your course and at
the same time help to achieve the goals of the course. As such, class peer
goals should be helpful to your course goal. .
15.5 E-CONTENT
Wide varieties of
digital materials which are of educational] significance are available online.
Some of the quality materials which are available free of cost or with minimum
restrictions can be used, re-used and modified by teachers and students for
their teaching and learning. As textbooks are too expansive, the students are
switching from textbooks to digital course materials. These materials provide both
teachers and students a greater interactivity and social collaboration. One of
the materials which can be designed and developed used, re-used and distributed
is e-content.
E-content is becoming
popular because of it’s flexibility of time. place and pace of learning.
E-content includes all kinds of content created and delivered through various
electronic media. E-content is available in many subjects and almost all levels
of education. It can be used by wide variety learners with diverse needs,
different backgrounds, and previous experience and skill levels. It can be
shared and transmitted easily and promptly among unlimited number of users around
the world. Teachers, students and others get benefited by the use of well
designed and developed e-content. It is advantageous to the educational
organizations to make their program accessible to their teachers and students
on campus, home and other community learning or resource centers. It has a
significant implications for open and distance learning institutions.
Electronic content
(e-content) which is also known as digital content refers to the content or information
delivered over network based electronic devices or that is made available using
computer network such as internet. According to Oxford dictionary ‘e-content is
the digital text and images designed to display on web pages’. According to Saxon
Anural (201 1) ‘E-content to basically a package that satisfies the conditions
like minimization of distance, cost effectiveness. user friendliness and adaptability
to local conditions’. Well developed e-content can be delivered many times to
different learners. Individual course components i.e. units, lessons and media elements
such as graphics and animations can be re-used in different contexts.
Designing and Development of E-content
The purpose of
c-content development is to create an information rich society. Everyone in the
society is empowered to create, receive, share and utilize information for their
progress. Very well designed, developed and validated e-content will provide
access to high quality meaningful digital content and serve as an effective
virtual teacher. Originally the model contained several steps under its five
original phases (analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate). Over the years the steps were revised and finally the
model itself became more dynamic and
interactive.
1. Analysis: It is the
first phase of this model meant for examining the suitability of the e-content
to be developed. It is related analyzing the learning needs, context, learner,
task and content. Analyzing the learning needs is identifying the needs from
the perspective of different learners,
teachers, subject experts, practitioner, policy makers etc. Needs are to be
clearly stated.
Contextual analysis is
collecting data related to the context of learning such as learning
environment. Whether the e-content developed is for the individual or group,
formal or informal, facilitated or self-learning etc.
Learner analysis is collecting data related to
learners academic levels and attributes such as skills, motivation, visual literacy,
language competency. learning styles etc. That is nothing but preparing the learner
profile. It helps to know about the leaner.
Tasks analysis : is
stating the purpose of developing the e-content deciding whether that is
develop for educating training creating awareness, developing skills etc.
Content analysis : is
nothing but preparing a content outline good content comprehension is required
before designing and developing content. It includes verifying the content with
respect to cognitive appropriateness, factual accuracy, completeness etc. It
also includes classifying the content into facts, concepts, principles, processes
and procedures.
2. Design: It is
concerned with defining the learning objectives, structuring the content
logically, specifying the instructional and evaluation strategies, and
preparing for visual and technical design. Learning objectives are to be
defined in clear, realistic and measurable terms. Learning objectives are the statements
that describe what the learner will be able to do at the end of the course or
program. Learning objectives should specify performance and communicate their purposes.
Prepare a detailed content outline in which content is thoroughly analyzed and
logically organized. Content is to be structured logically following simple to
complex, known to unknown, concrete to abstract, general to specific etc.
Instructional strategies are to be stated clearly. Depending on the learning
style and nature of the content we have to decide the appropriate instructional
strategy. Appropriate media mix that is combination of audio, video, graphics, animation;
simulation etc. is to be decided.
Learner evaluation strategies such as
practice, computer marked or tutor marked assessments, pretest, post-test, remedial
tests etc. are to be specified. We have to decide about the formative and
summative assessments. Before developing the content for the selected course
review the proposed Learning objectives. Make sure that content, assessment
tests and exercises match the objectives stated. Provide the information and
knowledge required to meet she learning objectives.
3. Development: It is
related to the creation of story board. Story board is nothing but scripting
the entire course content. The term ‘story board* is taken from production. In a movie it indicates the
visual representation of the various scenes. In e-content development the story
board describes step by step script of the final outcome of the content 2.
story beard 15 created to provide a blue print of the course with each and every
Seta! along with the content notes. The story beard is created based on the
objectives and instructional strategies. Here the developers create and
assemble the content assets and learning objects. Programming and international
of all media Clements into a cohesive multimedia package are the part of this
phase.
4. Implement: In the
implementation phase, materials are distributed to learners. A comprehensive
implementation strategy document is developed. This document should cover the
course curriculum, learning outcomes, method of delivery in terms of hard ware
and soft ware requirements and testing procedures, Ensure that the web site is
functional if the material is on the web site,
5. Evaluation: The
evaluation phase consists of two parts i.e. Formative and summative evaluation.
Formative evaluation is present in cash stage of the ADDIE process. Summative
evaluation determines the adequacy of the distributed materials in achieving
the course objectives. Material is to be revised at all the stages based on the
feedback received.
15.6 EVALUATION
Increased numbers of
students in higher education and the corresponding increase in time spent by
staff on assessment has encouraged interest into how technology can assist in
this area. Ensuring that the assessment methods adopted reflect both the aims
and objectives of the course and any technical developments which have taken
place is becoming increasingly important especially as quality assurance procedures require departments to
justify the assessment procedures adopted. Please of computers to aid intestine
has been continuing to develop into dynamic tool for student assessment. Significant
benefits exist with the scope of questions, test hints and adjoining skills
guides that can help a student's overall study skills and comprehension of the
curriculum,
(a) Computer Assisted
Assessment (CAA): Computer-assisted assessment is used to assess Learning and
performance of the students. It includes all types of assessments whether
formative or summative assessment and which is then conveyed with the assistance
of these modern technologies. Delivery of the assessment is made online as well
as offline. Computer Assisted Assessment follows the formative assessment where
it helps the students to check their knowledge. It is basically done to know
whether the student has learned the task or not and to give timely feedback to
the students which mainly teaches the teacher educator to know the best way to teach
any subject. Examples of computer assisted assessment are the OMIR that is used
to grade MCQs and various other database programs that help in recording
student marks.
(b) Computer Adaptive
Testing (CAT): In the recent
development in
technology is the use of computer adaptive testing =which enhances the testing
process to a great extent? While a student is subjected to answer questions,
the technology is capable of adjusting the level of the difficulty. The technology
accesses how a student is answering the questions and how much mistakes the
student is making, Based on that concept the technology will adjust the other
questions accordingly. If the student is making many mistakes while answering the
questions, the software will take the student back to the previous questions.
Further, the technology is capable of putting questions from previous learned
content as well. As the technology is increasing its area, it became as the
easiest method to use it in the educational contexts.
(c) Online Assessment:
Online assessment is usually followed When any instructor needs any information
pertaining to some content. The assessment is made online where an instructor
sets some sort of a questionnaire to get it filled from the opponent. With the
help of the emerging technology, it 1s easy for instructors to design an online
test and get the response of that test via web. There are a lot of agencies working
under this plat room. Some of them are free while most are paid.
(d) Survey Tools:
There are many online survey tools like survey monkey, poll daddy or lime survey.
These kinds of tools can be used to collect feedback from students regarding
any matter. In some situations where we are creating a survey of bipolar set of
opinions, this kind of web-based tools can be used
(e) Wikis: A wiki is a
website that allows users to collaboratively edit and create content. A very
good example of a wiki is Wikipedia, a collaboratively created online
encyclopedia. The Wikis are becoming very much popular now a day. Because it
facilitates collaboration among learners. The contribution made in wiki by the
learners can be assessed by the teachers as well. Therefore, it can be very
much helpful while using it as a tool for accessing peers.
EXERCISE
1. How is the computer
the basis of modern life? What is the use of computer in teaching and learning
process?
2. Apart from academic
applications, what other uses are used in computer education system? Give a
brief description
3. How can the
attendance of students or staff be measured by computer? Describe the method.
4. What is a Daily
Planner? Provide its information with computers about the management.
5. What is meant by
e-content? Write down how to get it from the computer.
6. Is computer
assessment possible? If so, in what areas can the computer evaluate? Give
details.
